The first step of the method is to bend a paper clip so that it is straight with a hook at one end. The materials used for this lab are paper, pencil, eraser, filter paper, test tube, rubber stopper, paper clip, metric ruler, black felt-tip pen, and a computer. Paper can be used to separate mixed chemicals. Once all of the above criteria have been met, chromatography can be a simple tool for separating and comparing chemical mixtures. For the separation of a mixture, the substances making up the mixture must be evenly dispersed in a solution, a vapor, or a gas. The porous paper used must also absorb the components of the mixtures selectively and reversibly. The main requirement, though, of the solvent is to dissolve the mixture needing to be separated. For a particular mixture, the solvent and the paper must be chosen so the solubility is reversible and be selective for the components of the mixture. In all chromatographic separations, there is an important relationship between the solvent, the chromatography paper, and the mixture. With this knowledge, alterations or changes can be detected in the substance. A change in a chemical substance produced by a chemical or biological reaction often alters the solubility and migration rate. The chromatographic sequence of sorbed substances is related to their atomic and molecular structures. Because purification of substances is required to determine their properties, chromatography is an indispensable tool in the sciences concerned with chemical substances and their reactions.Ĭhromatography is also used to compare and describe chemical substances.
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A chromatographically pure substance is the result of the separation. It is used for the purification and isolation of various substances. Chromatography is using a flow of solvent or gas to cause the components of a mixture to migrate differently from a narrow starting point in a specific medium, in the case of this experiment, filter paper. Chromatography serves mainly as a tool for the examination and separation of mixtures of chemical substances. The purpose of this experiment is to observe how chromatography can be used to separate mixtures of chemical substances.